A connected technology profile

The Type 96 25 mm gun

More barrels could put more fire into the sky. Keeping that fire supplied, aimed and effective against fast aircraft was harder.

Profile · Evidence and limits

A gun and its mounting

The Type 96 was a Japanese development of a Hotchkiss design. It appeared in single, twin and triple mountings. Some multiple mounts used power drives and a director; others were operated manually. A count of barrels does not tell us which control arrangements were available at each position. YT-Y22

The American investigators criticised the ability of the sights and power drives to follow fast targets at close range. Some Yamato-class triple mounts had shields intended principally to protect their crews from the blast of the main guns. Protection from blast did not make them invulnerable to an air attack.

Why 220 did not mean 220

The report gives a standard mechanical rate of 220 rounds per minute. But each magazine held fifteen rounds. Frequent changes reduced the rate that could actually be maintained to about 110. This is the investigators’ general assessment of the weapon, not a measured average for every gun aboard Yamato on 7 April. YT-Y22

Its shipboard inventory groups Yamato and Musashi together without establishing a dated final outfit for Yamato’s last sortie. We therefore do not use that table to certify an exact April 1945 gun total.

Still dangerous; increasingly difficult to use

Bennington’s VB-82 report describes intense anti-aircraft fire and records one missing aircraft. Its crews attacked several ships: the loss cannot simply be credited to Yamato’s 25 mm guns. The report nevertheless shows that the attackers faced active resistance. YT-Y20

From inside Yamato, Miyamoto described damage to anti-aircraft positions and the increasing difficulty of firing as the ship listed. The battle was changing the platform beneath the gun crews as well as destroying equipment. YT-Y01

The attack chapter follows those pressures together. Neither an impressive barrel total nor a low practical rate, taken alone, explains the loss of the ship.

Evidence within reach

Sources for this page

Open a note for the passage, inspection status and limits. Source records link to the available documents.

YT-Y22Japanese naval guns and mounts under 3 inches: USNTMJ O-47(N)-2

Original postwar technical investigation · digitised report

Passage: Printed pp.1, 11–14 / PDF pp.3, 12–15: controls, rates, magazines and inventory limits

Single, twin and triple mounts; control limitations; 15-round magazines; distinction between 220-round mechanical rate and about 110-round practical rate; blast shields and inventory limitations.

Checked: Title, summary, contents, references and selected Type 96 pages visually inspected on 20 October 2026. Complete 95-page scan retained; SHA-256 9355138637127dd800c4762bb7d6ce1c4b7a03aebf98cf02e9338146387c256d.

Limits: A general postwar weapon assessment, not a firing log from Yamato on 7 April. Its inventory groups Yamato and Musashi without establishing Yamato’s dated final fit. Rates and control arrangements must not be assigned indiscriminately to every mounting or moment in battle.

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YT-Y01Miyamoto on Yamato’s final operation

Postwar witness interview through modern transcription

Passage: NAV 32: anti-aircraft damage and increasing list

Mission, attack sequence, air cover and the survivor’s perspective.

Checked: Published transcript read; all seven images of the related typescript were inspected in the research audit.

Limits: The transcript and typescript are the same testimony, not independent witnesses. Times, counts and identifications remain uncertain. Original typescript is separately accessible as YT-Y02; both preserve FUYUZUKI in the force list and FUKUZUKI in the rescue passage.

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YT-Y20Bennington VB-82 Aircraft Action Report No. 37

Original wartime squadron action report · digitised scan

Passage: PDF pp.2 and 4–6: losses and defensive fire in the squadron narrative

Mixed SB2C-4 and SB2C-4E aircraft; eleven launched and nine attacking; recorded bomb loads; radar contact by Wood and Reed; attacks shaped by cloud; one missing aircraft, its two missing crew and three repairable aircraft; explicit uncertainty about duplicate hit observations.

Checked: All nine rendered PDF pages visually inspected on 20 October 2026. Complete scan retained with SHA-256 cf8952c735396cef89c5d367823c700146f4218f8f8315699b5a5c495d867169. Tables checked against narrative and hit diagram. The earlier catalogue lead NDL4003169 is report 66 for VF-82 Hellcats, not VB-82.

Limits: A participant report compiled after the action, not a Japanese damage survey. Enemy ship identifications, hit allocation and comparisons with the March Kure attack reflect contemporary interpretations. Its diagram explicitly warns of duplicate observations. Missing status is as recorded in this report; parachutes seen were not identified. Eleven launched is not eleven confirmed attacks.

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Photograph

Enlarged historical photograph

Web copy resized and compressed; original framing retained. Open image file ↗